Struvite Stones: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Struvite stones are a type of kidney stone composed of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate. They are typically associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by bacteria that produce an enzyme called urease. This enzyme increases the pH of urine, making it more alkaline and leading to the formation of these large, often staghorn-shaped stones. Unlike other types of kidney stones, struvite stones can grow rapidly and fill the entire kidney, causing serious complications if not treated promptly.
Common symptoms of struvite stones include flank pain, blood in the urine, fever, chills, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and recurrent urinary infections. In severe cases, they can block urine flow and damage kidney tissue. Women are more likely to develop struvite stones due to a higher incidence of UTIs.
Diagnosis is usually confirmed through urine tests, blood tests, and imaging techniques like X-rays, ultrasound, or CT scans. Treatment often requires a combination of antibiotics to clear infection and surgical removal of the stones, such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or shock wave lithotripsy (SWL).
Preventing struvite stones involves treating UTIs early, increasing fluid intake, and sometimes taking medications to acidify the urine. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are essential to prevent recurrence.
Struvite stones can be dangerous if left untreated, leading to chronic kidney infections or even kidney failure. Understanding the risks and seeking timely treatment can protect your kidneys and improve overall urinary health.