Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): A Sudden Threat to Kidney Function
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), formerly known as acute renal failure, is a sudden and rapid decline in kidney function over a short period—ranging from a few hours to days. This condition leads to the accumulation of waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes in the body, which can become life-threatening if not treated promptly. AKI often occurs in hospitalized patients, especially those undergoing surgery, suffering from sepsis, or experiencing severe dehydration, trauma, or infection.
Common causes of AKI include reduced blood flow to the kidneys, direct damage from toxins or medications, and blockages in the urinary tract. Early symptoms of acute kidney injury include decreased urine output, fluid retention, fatigue, confusion, nausea, and chest pain. Diagnosis is made through blood tests (e.g., creatinine, BUN) and monitoring urine output.
Immediate medical intervention is critical. Treatment focuses on correcting the underlying cause, restoring fluid balance, and supporting kidney function. In severe cases, temporary dialysis may be required. Unlike chronic kidney disease, AKI can often be reversed if caught early and managed correctly.
Preventing AKI involves staying well-hydrated, avoiding overuse of painkillers (like NSAIDs), and managing chronic conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure. Hospital patients should be monitored closely for signs of kidney stress, especially after surgery or during severe illness.
Acute Kidney Injury is a medical emergency. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can make the difference between full recovery and long-term kidney damage. Protect your kidneys—act early.